Sample Rate Calculator — Nyquist Frequency & Conversion

The Nyquist theorem requires sampling at least twice the highest frequency to reproduce it. Human hearing extends to about 20 kHz, so 40 kHz minimum is needed. 44.1 kHz was chosen because it provided margin above 40 kHz and was compatible with the video equipment used for early digital masters.

Higher sample rates extend the frequency ceiling beyond human hearing (48 kHz at 96 kHz sample rate). The practical benefits are: gentler anti-aliasing filter slopes, reduced latency, and potentially better performance from some plugins. However, files are larger and CPU usage increases.

The Nyquist frequency is exactly half the sample rate. It represents the theoretical maximum frequency that can be accurately captured. Any frequencies above the Nyquist frequency will alias (fold back) into the audible range as distortion, which is why anti-aliasing filters are used.

44.1 kHz is the CD standard and is ideal for music-only projects. 48 kHz is the standard for video, broadcast and film. If your project will be synced to video, use 48 kHz. For music, either works — avoid unnecessary sample rate conversion by choosing the rate that matches your final delivery format.